Issue
Number: IRS Tax Tip 2010-35
10 Facts About Capital Gains and
Losses
Have you
heard of capital gains and losses? If not, you may want to read up on them
because they might have an impact on your tax return. The IRS wants you to
know these ten facts about gains and losses and how they could affect your
tax situation.
1.
Almost
everything you own and use for personal purposes, pleasure or investment is a
capital asset.
2.
When
you sell a capital asset, the difference between the amount you sell it for
and your basis - which is usually what you paid for it - is a
capital gain or a capital loss.
3.
You
must report all capital gains.
4.
You
may deduct capital losses only on investment property, not on property held
for personal use.
5.
Capital
gains and losses are classified as long-term or short-term, depending on how
long you hold the property before you sell it. If you hold it more than one
year, your capital gain or loss is long-term. If you hold it one year or
less, your capital gain or loss is short-term.
6.
If
you have long-term gains in excess of your long-term losses, you have a net
capital gain to the extent your net long-term capital gain is more than your
net short-term capital loss, if any.
7.
The
tax rates that apply to net capital gain are generally lower than the tax
rates that apply to other income. For 2009, the maximum capital gains rate
for most people is15%. For lower-income individuals, the rate may be 0% on
some or all of the net capital gain. Special types of net capital gain can be
taxed at 25% or 28%.
8.
If
your capital losses exceed your capital gains, the excess can be deducted on
your tax return and used to reduce other income, such as wages, up to an
annual limit of $3,000, or $1,500 if you are married filing separately.
9.
If
your total net capital loss is more than the yearly limit on capital loss
deductions, you can carry over the unused part to the next year and treat it
as if you incurred it in that next year.
10.
Capital
gains and losses are reported on Schedule D, Capital Gains and Losses, and
then transferred to line 13of Form 1040.
For more
information about reporting capital gains and losses, see the Schedule D
instructions, Publication 550, Investment Income and Expenses or Publication
17, Your Federal Income Tax. All forms and publications are available at
IRS.gov or by calling 800-TAX-FORM (800-829-3676).
Links:
- Publication 17, Your Federal Income Tax (PDF 2015.9K)
- Publication 550, Investment Income and Expenses (PDF 516K)
- Publication 544, Sales and Other Dispositions of
Assets (PDF 321K)
- Publication 505, Tax Withholding and Estimated Tax
(PDF 367K)
- Publication 564, Mutual Fund Distributions (PDF 178K)
- Publication 547, Casualties, Disasters, and Thefts
(PDF 133K)
- Publication 527, Residential Rental Property
(Including Rental of Vacation Homes) (PDF 187K)
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